MIL DEFBISE CIT¥ Ol PA€Ill€ OROVI RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING By Walt Matteson Until the advent of the Atomic bomb and the subsequent de- velopment of other atomic weapons, even if the enemy should resort to the use of wartime gasses, we could depend on our normal senses to detect the source of danger and protect ourselves accordingly. How- ever since radioactive materials are the basis of all atomic explosions, we must realize that none of the eminaUons from radioactive sources can be detected without the use of special devices, that all such emin- ations are harmful to the human race and that a corps of trained and eqquipped personnel must be maintained for the detection, identifica. tion and computation of intensity, of the radioactivity accompanying an atomic explosion. The nuclear radiations from an "A" bomb explosion are of four types: 1. Alpha particles: having a very short range and little pene. trating power. 2. Beta particles: having a slightly longer range and a pene- trating power which can cause skin burns but are of greatest danger *Din within the body which they enter via the normal processes of brkathing, eating and drinking or through breaks in the skin. , 3. Gamma rays: which are similar to R-rays, having a long range and great pqnetrating power. Protection from these rays would re. quire a shield of many inches of lead or other heavy metal, concrete or tightly packed soil. 4. Neutrons: a heavy particle of fairly long range but little penetrating power, having the ability to make certain elements radio active as' they bombard them. Detection of the Alpha particle requires a special, very deli· cate instrument and is a laboratory problem, therefore, not a primary concern of Civil Defense. Also, if we were close enough to the ex plosion to be bombdrded by Neutrons, we would be killed by the 'blast and heat so they are of little concern. It is to the Beta particle and the Gamma ray that we musl give our attention. Fortunately for us, their Dresence can be detect· ed and their strength measured bv the same instruments, the Geiger Counter and the Ion Chamber and their total dosage recorded by a dosimeter and/or Film-badge. The first two being used to take "Spot readings" in the area contaminated by both the initial atomic ex- plosion and the consequent "Fall out" of radioactive particles from the cooling cloud of vapor formed after the explosion. From these readin¢s a chart must be Drevared tn show the intensity of the radia· tion strength at all points within the contaminated area. Since the total dosage received bv a person within that area is equal to the in- tensity of radiation at that gnot multinlied by the number of hours he is there. it if nossible to determine how lone he mav remain there before receiving his maximum allowable dosage whieh has been de- termined bv comvetent medical authorities. These detecting and measuring devices are both costly and scarce so it is necesgrv to nlare them in the hands of those depart. ments that render 24 hoiir Gervice in the commimitv and to fee that all personnel of these donprtmentq are orenerlv inqtructed in all t)bases of their lige including the care. carbration and renair of in- struments, assembling of wind data and plotting the 'Tall-out" area on the local map, evaluating the "Spot" readings to determine the allowable "Stay-in" time for necessary workers at all points and the necessary decontamination of all persons and eqquipment coming out of that part of the contaminated area. As far as we, the general public, are concerned, these are the facts: If we survive the initial explosion we are in no danger of im. mediate or sudden death from nuclear radiation. If we stay indoors until told it is safe to come out we will be protected from the fall out of radioactive particles. If we smoke no cigarettes from a previously opened pack, eat no food and drink no water until it has been check· ed for radioactivity, we will be in little danger of contamination with- in the body. If necessary to eat, drink or smoke before checking can be accomplished, carefully and thoroughly, wash the hands and face, utensils, plates, silverware, etc. to be used. Don't use anything that has been exposed to the dust but open new packages after washing the outside of the containEr. If we disregard these rules there is no way we can be sure of the amount of radiation we have received until the symptoms of ra. diation sickness appear. These symptoms are loss of hair, loss of appetite, fever, inflamation of mouth and throat, pallor, appearance of red dots as in measles. rapid thinning of the body and then death. These symptoms will probably appear in that order and progress ae- cording to the total amount of radiation received, with recovery like- ly from a moderate dosage unless complicated by poor previous health. accompanying injuries or infection. LOCAL RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT The City of Pacific Grove has been supplied by the State Office of Civil Defense with both a Geiger Counter and an Ion Chamber. As stated in the oregoing paragraphs these instruments are both cost- ly and scarse, and the City of Pacific Grove is most fortunate in having obtained them. In time of emergency the Ion Chamber will be used to measure "Fall-out" in the City of Pacific Grove and will enable your Civil Defense authorities to furnish adequate warning in case a dangerous condition comes into actualitv. The Geiger Counter will enable the people of the Citv of Pacific Grove to have their clothing. food, water or any eqquipment checked for excess radiation. The value of these two instruments in case of an "A" bomb attack anv- where in the- United States is immeasurable and Pacific Grove resi- this key equipment located in their dents are most fortunate in ha-Ving communitv When we moved from the East Coast we Feally found out... pacific grove l'RIBUNE - •I Friday, February 20, 1953 'I er, Mrs. Grace Reivlcy at 701 Union Street, and his sister, Mrs, Sam (Betty) Rodrigues. There are three other sisters elsewhere in California. -------- BAY AREA TRIP Mrs. Ethel Tull, Mrs, Edgar Palmer and Miss Mabel Foote were Sunday visitors in San Lea - dro. They had expected to bring home Mrs. Rhoda Leib- ernett who had been visiting for several weeks with Mr, and Mrs, Mylar Vlokovich, tile latter a niece. Mrs. Leibernett decided to stay in the Bay Area until the end of the month. 0-----0- FLECKS RETURN HOME Mrs. John J. Fleck returned to her home after several weeks at the Woods' Rest Home on Pine Avenue. Mr. Fleck is expected home on March 1st from the Veteran's home at Yountville. He will be home for 15 days. Mr, Fleck is one of the few Spanish American war veterans on the peninsula, and is now 85 years of age, Since his wife's illness he has spent consider- able time at the Veteran's Home, ----0-- LETTERS 6 246 Cditoa... Gac and elee&ici41 ake elte* ilt Calite¥Ria says Mrs. Joseph E. Bare of San Francisco, shown here with her grandson, Tim 0A MRS. ETHEL STEWART RETURNS TO TEXAS Mrs. Ethel Stewart left recent- ly •for her home in Temple, Tex- as. For the past five months she has been with her son-in-law 1nd daughter, Captain and Mrs. Joe M. Ravanelli and the children, Donald, Judy Ann and Barbara Jo. Mrs. Stewart also visited here in 1951. She came this time es- pecially to be on hand for the arrival of her youngest grand- child. Barbara Jo made her deb- ut on September 29. Captain Ravanelli returned three weeks ago frem Fort Bennings, Georgia. He had gone there for special overseas training aI the conclusion of his course in Chin- ese at the Army Language School. He is temporarily stationed at Fort Ord. The Ravanellis are from Houston, Texas. With all due respect to Army orders, Pacific Grove has been selected by Captain and Mrs. Ravanelli as their permanent home. They have purchased their residence at 1150 Crest Avenue, Orin Kaye, Editor and Publisher The Pacific Grove Tribune Pacific Grove, California Dear Mr. Kaye: On behalf of the school board and administration of the Pacific Grove Unified School District, please accept this expression of appreciation for the important contribution made by you and ' your staff in the campaign to se- cure passage of the school bonds. Only through such wholehearted cooperation by press and radio could the story of the school dis- trict's problems have reached so many in the community. Your personal participation as a member of the Pacific Grove Citizens' Educational Advisory Committee and, in particular, the special edition of the Tribune, telling The Pacific Grove School Story, were impressive and far- reaching in influence. I believe that the people of Pacific Grove can be proud of the results of this bond campaign, the success of which was made possible by their active participa- tion, both as individuals and or- ganized groups. Sincerely, Thomas R. Turner Superintendent of Schools hen Mr. and Mrs. Bare came West four years ago, they discovered, as so many other newcomers have, that gas and electricity cost much less here than in their former home. Let P. G..and E.'s bargain gas and electricity do more of your work, bring you more of life's comforts. Nothing else you buy does so much-costs so little. P·G·e€· PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY low rates save 1 Mrs. Bare money... 1 In their charming San 1 Francisco home, the 1 Bares use these appli- ances for household com- fort and convenience: The Bares' P. 6. and E. bill last month ...... $15.96 1 In her former Eastern home the same amount of gas and electricity would cost $38.24 -----0- SAN FRANCISCO TRIP The Reverend Malcolm Peart of 17-Mile Drive Court, spent a recent weekend in the City vis- iting a daughter, Miss Patricia Peart, Miss Peart is on the staff of the main City Library, I---0--- WOODY TUTTLE IN FRESNO Woody Tuttle, who spent a month here after his return from Korea, is now in the San Joa- quin Valley engaged iii a truck- ing business of his own, out of Fresno. He received his discharge as Corporal Tuttle. He had been in Korea for two years with the Heavy Artillery. Before going into Mili- tary service, Tuttle had been in Oregon, in the lumber business, His stay here was with his mot!i- - Mr. Orin Kaye Editor and Publisher Pacific Grove Tribune 305 Forest Avenue Pacific Grove, California Dear Orin; Since the school bond election, I have received so many compli- ments about the comprehensive special edition of the Tribune that I feel honored in passing the accumulated good-will and appre- ciation to you in a great big ·bundle. In addition, I think your enthus- iasm and practical suggestions were invaluable. Thank you for your wonderful support. Yours Sincerely Leslie W. Masters Chairman Citizens' Educa- tional Advisory Committee . '4 <2.3 How P. 6. an[1 E.'s -- , OCR Text: MIL DEFBISE CIT¥ Ol PA€Ill€ OROVI RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING By Walt Matteson Until the advent of the Atomic bomb and the subsequent de- velopment of other atomic weapons, even if the enemy should resort to the use of wartime gasses, we could depend on our normal senses to detect the source of danger and protect ourselves accordingly. How- ever since radioactive materials are the basis of all atomic explosions, we must realize that none of the eminaUons from radioactive sources can be detected without the use of special devices, that all such emin- ations are harmful to the human race and that a corps of trained and eqquipped personnel must be maintained for the detection, identifica. tion and computation of intensity, of the radioactivity accompanying an atomic explosion. The nuclear radiations from an "A" bomb explosion are of four types: 1. Alpha particles: having a very short range and little pene. trating power. 2. Beta particles: having a slightly longer range and a pene- trating power which can cause skin burns but are of greatest danger *Din within the body which they enter via the normal processes of brkathing, eating and drinking or through breaks in the skin. , 3. Gamma rays: which are similar to R-rays, having a long range and great pqnetrating power. Protection from these rays would re. quire a shield of many inches of lead or other heavy metal, concrete or tightly packed soil. 4. Neutrons: a heavy particle of fairly long range but little penetrating power, having the ability to make certain elements radio active as' they bombard them. Detection of the Alpha particle requires a special, very deli· cate instrument and is a laboratory problem, therefore, not a primary concern of Civil Defense. Also, if we were close enough to the ex plosion to be bombdrded by Neutrons, we would be killed by the 'blast and heat so they are of little concern. It is to the Beta particle and the Gamma ray that we musl give our attention. Fortunately for us, their Dresence can be detect· ed and their strength measured bv the same instruments, the Geiger Counter and the Ion Chamber and their total dosage recorded by a dosimeter and/or Film-badge. The first two being used to take "Spot readings" in the area contaminated by both the initial atomic ex- plosion and the consequent "Fall out" of radioactive particles from the cooling cloud of vapor formed after the explosion. From these readin¢s a chart must be Drevared tn show the intensity of the radia· tion strength at all points within the contaminated area. Since the total dosage received bv a person within that area is equal to the in- tensity of radiation at that gnot multinlied by the number of hours he is there. it if nossible to determine how lone he mav remain there before receiving his maximum allowable dosage whieh has been de- termined bv comvetent medical authorities. These detecting and measuring devices are both costly and scarce so it is necesgrv to nlare them in the hands of those depart. ments that render 24 hoiir Gervice in the commimitv and to fee that all personnel of these donprtmentq are orenerlv inqtructed in all t)bases of their lige including the care. carbration and renair of in- struments, assembling of wind data and plotting the 'Tall-out" area on the local map, evaluating the "Spot" readings to determine the allowable "Stay-in" time for necessary workers at all points and the necessary decontamination of all persons and eqquipment coming out of that part of the contaminated area. As far as we, the general public, are concerned, these are the facts: If we survive the initial explosion we are in no danger of im. mediate or sudden death from nuclear radiation. If we stay indoors until told it is safe to come out we will be protected from the fall out of radioactive particles. If we smoke no cigarettes from a previously opened pack, eat no food and drink no water until it has been check· ed for radioactivity, we will be in little danger of contamination with- in the body. If necessary to eat, drink or smoke before checking can be accomplished, carefully and thoroughly, wash the hands and face, utensils, plates, silverware, etc. to be used. Don't use anything that has been exposed to the dust but open new packages after washing the outside of the containEr. If we disregard these rules there is no way we can be sure of the amount of radiation we have received until the symptoms of ra. diation sickness appear. These symptoms are loss of hair, loss of appetite, fever, inflamation of mouth and throat, pallor, appearance of red dots as in measles. rapid thinning of the body and then death. These symptoms will probably appear in that order and progress ae- cording to the total amount of radiation received, with recovery like- ly from a moderate dosage unless complicated by poor previous health. accompanying injuries or infection. LOCAL RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT The City of Pacific Grove has been supplied by the State Office of Civil Defense with both a Geiger Counter and an Ion Chamber. As stated in the oregoing paragraphs these instruments are both cost- ly and scarse, and the City of Pacific Grove is most fortunate in having obtained them. In time of emergency the Ion Chamber will be used to measure "Fall-out" in the City of Pacific Grove and will enable your Civil Defense authorities to furnish adequate warning in case a dangerous condition comes into actualitv. The Geiger Counter will enable the people of the Citv of Pacific Grove to have their clothing. food, water or any eqquipment checked for excess radiation. The value of these two instruments in case of an "A" bomb attack anv- where in the- United States is immeasurable and Pacific Grove resi- this key equipment located in their dents are most fortunate in ha-Ving communitv When we moved from the East Coast we Feally found out... pacific grove l'RIBUNE - •I Friday, February 20, 1953 'I er, Mrs. Grace Reivlcy at 701 Union Street, and his sister, Mrs, Sam (Betty) Rodrigues. There are three other sisters elsewhere in California. -------- BAY AREA TRIP Mrs. Ethel Tull, Mrs, Edgar Palmer and Miss Mabel Foote were Sunday visitors in San Lea - dro. They had expected to bring home Mrs. Rhoda Leib- ernett who had been visiting for several weeks with Mr, and Mrs, Mylar Vlokovich, tile latter a niece. Mrs. Leibernett decided to stay in the Bay Area until the end of the month. 0-----0- FLECKS RETURN HOME Mrs. John J. Fleck returned to her home after several weeks at the Woods' Rest Home on Pine Avenue. Mr. Fleck is expected home on March 1st from the Veteran's home at Yountville. He will be home for 15 days. Mr, Fleck is one of the few Spanish American war veterans on the peninsula, and is now 85 years of age, Since his wife's illness he has spent consider- able time at the Veteran's Home, ----0-- LETTERS 6 246 Cditoa... Gac and elee&ici41 ake elte* ilt Calite¥Ria says Mrs. Joseph E. Bare of San Francisco, shown here with her grandson, Tim 0A MRS. ETHEL STEWART RETURNS TO TEXAS Mrs. Ethel Stewart left recent- ly •for her home in Temple, Tex- as. For the past five months she has been with her son-in-law 1nd daughter, Captain and Mrs. Joe M. Ravanelli and the children, Donald, Judy Ann and Barbara Jo. Mrs. Stewart also visited here in 1951. She came this time es- pecially to be on hand for the arrival of her youngest grand- child. Barbara Jo made her deb- ut on September 29. Captain Ravanelli returned three weeks ago frem Fort Bennings, Georgia. He had gone there for special overseas training aI the conclusion of his course in Chin- ese at the Army Language School. He is temporarily stationed at Fort Ord. The Ravanellis are from Houston, Texas. With all due respect to Army orders, Pacific Grove has been selected by Captain and Mrs. Ravanelli as their permanent home. They have purchased their residence at 1150 Crest Avenue, Orin Kaye, Editor and Publisher The Pacific Grove Tribune Pacific Grove, California Dear Mr. Kaye: On behalf of the school board and administration of the Pacific Grove Unified School District, please accept this expression of appreciation for the important contribution made by you and ' your staff in the campaign to se- cure passage of the school bonds. Only through such wholehearted cooperation by press and radio could the story of the school dis- trict's problems have reached so many in the community. Your personal participation as a member of the Pacific Grove Citizens' Educational Advisory Committee and, in particular, the special edition of the Tribune, telling The Pacific Grove School Story, were impressive and far- reaching in influence. I believe that the people of Pacific Grove can be proud of the results of this bond campaign, the success of which was made possible by their active participa- tion, both as individuals and or- ganized groups. Sincerely, Thomas R. Turner Superintendent of Schools hen Mr. and Mrs. Bare came West four years ago, they discovered, as so many other newcomers have, that gas and electricity cost much less here than in their former home. Let P. G..and E.'s bargain gas and electricity do more of your work, bring you more of life's comforts. Nothing else you buy does so much-costs so little. P·G·e€· PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC COMPANY low rates save 1 Mrs. Bare money... 1 In their charming San 1 Francisco home, the 1 Bares use these appli- ances for household com- fort and convenience: The Bares' P. 6. and E. bill last month ...... $15.96 1 In her former Eastern home the same amount of gas and electricity would cost $38.24 -----0- SAN FRANCISCO TRIP The Reverend Malcolm Peart of 17-Mile Drive Court, spent a recent weekend in the City vis- iting a daughter, Miss Patricia Peart, Miss Peart is on the staff of the main City Library, I---0--- WOODY TUTTLE IN FRESNO Woody Tuttle, who spent a month here after his return from Korea, is now in the San Joa- quin Valley engaged iii a truck- ing business of his own, out of Fresno. He received his discharge as Corporal Tuttle. He had been in Korea for two years with the Heavy Artillery. Before going into Mili- tary service, Tuttle had been in Oregon, in the lumber business, His stay here was with his mot!i- - Mr. Orin Kaye Editor and Publisher Pacific Grove Tribune 305 Forest Avenue Pacific Grove, California Dear Orin; Since the school bond election, I have received so many compli- ments about the comprehensive special edition of the Tribune that I feel honored in passing the accumulated good-will and appre- ciation to you in a great big ·bundle. In addition, I think your enthus- iasm and practical suggestions were invaluable. Thank you for your wonderful support. Yours Sincerely Leslie W. Masters Chairman Citizens' Educa- tional Advisory Committee . '4 <2.3 How P. 6. an[1 E.'s -- , Heritage Society of Pacific Grove,Historical Collections,Names of People about town,E through F File names,Ernst,ERNST_011.pdf,ERNST_011.pdf 1 Page 1, Tags: ERNST_011.PDF, ERNST_011.pdf 1 Page 1